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Study Guide: Pages 329-340 in Chapter 9 "Thinking and intelligence,"
pages 87-94 in Chapter 3 "Evolution, Genes, and Behavior," "Beliefs
that make smart people dumb," and related classes
Facts and concepts to understand
- Original purpose of IQ test developed by Binet, how did this change
over time?
- How was IQ traditionally calculated? What is a normal IQ score? What
is the cut-off for mental retardation?
- What kinds of questions and problems are found on IQ tests?
- Cultural bias in IQ tests
- Controversy over what IQ tests actually measure
- What evidence is there that IQ is partiallly determined by heredity?
- What evidence is there that IQ is partially determined by an individual's
environment?
- How can heredity interact with the environment?
- What kind of parent-child interactions lead to children scoring better
on IQ tests?
- What environmental factors influence intelligence and IQ scores? How
does each affect intelligence or IQ scores?
- How can you maximize your child's intelligence?
- Does listening to Mozart make babies smarter?
- Misuses of IQ tests
- How did the eugenics movement influence the use of IQ tests? To what
extent does that influence exist today?
- IQ testing of immigrants-- circumstances, results, consequences
- How did attitudes toward immigrants influence the interpretation of
the results of IQ testing of immigrants?
- How was the 1924 Immigration Act influenced by IQ testing?
- Social class differences in average IQ scores
- Race differences in average IQ scores
- Rural vs. non-rural differences in average IQ scores
- Explanations that have been offered for social class and race differences
in IQ scores, relevant research
- What evidence is there that race differences in IQ scores are NOT
due to
genetic differences among races?
- Understand the tomato plant experiment analogy and how it relates
to the origins of intelligence and IQ scores
- To what does the title The Bell Curve refer?
- Why is the book The Bell Curve controversial?
- Effects of stimulating environment on brain, studies with rats on
this topic
- Efforts to minimize cultural bias in IQ tests
- Changes in average IQ scores over time, possible reasons for this
change
- Alternative approaches to conceptualizing and testing intelligence
- What beliefs make some smart people "dumb"? Why do those
beliefs make them act "dumb"?
Terms
- achievement test
- aptitude test
- intelligence test, IQ test
- reliability
- validity
- intelligence
- mental retardation
- "idiot," "feeble-minded," "imbecile,"
etc.
- g factor
- Alfred Binet
- IQ (intelligence quotient)
- mental age
- chronological age
- Stanford-Binet test
- Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
- Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children, WISPP (for preschool and
primary school children)
- Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
- Army Alpha test
- Eugenics
- 1924 Immigration Act
- Lewis Terman,
Henry Goddard, Robert Yerkes
Arthur JensenRichard Herrnstein- The Bell Curve
- heritability
- monozygotic ("one egg"), dizygotic ("two eggs")
twins
- culture-free test
- culture-fair test
- stereotype threat
- Flynn effect
- triarchic theory of intelligence
- domains of intelligence
- "Mozart effect"
Study Guide: Pages 514-519 on cognitive development in Chapter 14
"Development Over the Life Span" (not covered in class-- learn
on your own)
Facts and concepts to understand
- Piaget's stages of cognitive development, characteristics of each
stage
(sensory-motor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations)
- How have modern researchers evaluated and modified Piaget's stage
theory?
- How does cognitive development differ across cultures?
Terms
- cognitive development
- Jean Piaget
- sensory-motor
- preoperational
- concrete operations
- formal operations
- object permanence
- representational thought
- imitation
- conservation, conservation of quantity, conservation of number
- egocentrism
- theory of mind
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