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Study Guide: Chapter 4 "Neurons, Hormones, & the Brain,"
short section of Chapter 5 "Body Rhythms and Mental States,"
short section on drug addiction in Chapter 16 "Psychological Disorders,"
p. 506 of Chapter 14 on FAS, & related classes
Facts and concepts to understand
- Neurons and connections-- birth, development throughout life
- How is a nerve impulse transmitted from one neuron to another? What
happens inside the neurons and between the neurons as this occurs?
- All-or-none law
- Excitatory neurotransmission, inhibitory neurotransmission
- What are the well-understood neurotransmitters? What are their effects?
- Link between these neurotransmitters and various drugs (opiates, amphetamines,
alcohol, etc.), diseases (Parkinson's, schizophrenia, depression, etc.),
and treatments for diseases
- acetylcholine
- dopamine
- serotonin
- norephephrine
- GABA
- endorphins
- glutamate
- Role of dopamine in all drugs of abuse
- How do scientists determine the functions of various areas of the
brain?
- Animal studies showing role of hypothalamus in aggression (video)
- Types of tasks for which people primarily use their left hemisphere,
right hemisphere
- How do the brains of some left-handed people differ from the brains
of
right-handed people?
- Case of Phineas Gage-- what does this tell us about the brain?
- Experiments with split brain patients-- what do they tell us about
the
brain?
- Plasticity of the brain
- Apply critical thinking to claims of sex differences in human brains
- Why is examining Einstein's brain less informative than many people
expect?
- For each of the following drugs, what is their major effect on
thought/behavior/feelings? How do they affect the brain?
- opiates
- amphetamines
- cocaine
- alcohol
- marijuana
- How are drug effects determined by factors other than the drug itself?
(setting, mental set, etc.)
- Apply knowledge of drug effects and critical thinking to evaluating
US
drug laws
- Biological model of addiction
- Learning model of addiction
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- cause
- effects on brain
- characteristics of children with FAS and FAE
Be able to locate the following areas of the brain on a diagram and describe
their
function(s):
- brain stem
- reticular activation system (RAS)
- medulla
- pons
- cerebellum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- amygdala
- cerebrum
- cerebral cortex
- corpus callosum
- frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, occipital lobes/visual
cortex
- sensory projection area/somatosensory cortex
- motor projection area/motor cortex
- left hemisphere, right hemisphere of cerebrum
Terms
- neuron
- nerve impulse
- stimulus
- sensory neurons, motor neurons
- neuron cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal endings
- synapse/synaptic gap
- receptors
- threshold
- neurotransmitter
- synaptic vesicles
- reuptake
- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
- somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
- parasympathetic system and its function
- sympathetic system and its function
- acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norephephrine, GABA, endorphins,
glutamate
- EEG, MRI, fMRI, PET scan
- lateralization
- localization
- lesion
- electrode
- neurogenesis
- stimulant
- depressant
- opiate
- psychedelics
- tolerance
- withdrawal
- "pleasure center"
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