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Storms (1980) reviewed all previous research on masculinity and femininity
in the personalities of adult homosexuals. The results were mixed and
inconclusive, and all of the studies used an out-dated, discredited measure
of masculinity and femininity. Storms conducted a new study using an improved
masculinity-femininity questionnaire which includes many different
personality traits, and asked normal (not psychiatric patients) homosexuals,
bisexuals, and heterosexuals to rate themselves. There were no
significant differences among these three groups. Certain aspects
of the data made it UNlikely that the failure to find differences was
due to self-presentation (for example, homosexuals deliberately reporting
higher levels of gender-appropriate traits in order to counteract stereotypes).
Storms, M. D. (1980). Theories of sexual orientation. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 38, 783-792.
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