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Some of these questions will be chosen by the professor for the exam.
- Look at an example of classical conditioning and identify the unconditioned
stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned
response.
- Explain TWO disadvantages of using punishment rather than reward to
influence the behavior of children.
- ESSAY Based on instrumental conditioning and the advantages
and disadvantages of using reward versus punishment, what advice would
you give US military commanders on managing the US occupation of Iraq?
Explain.
- ESSAY (a) How did the eugenics movement and attitudes toward
immigrants and various ethnic groups influence the early use of IQ testing
in the US, including the interpretation and use of results of those
tests? (b) To what extent (if any) do you think effects of this early
approach to IQ testing persist today? Explain. Note: (a) requires
a lengthy answer, whereas (b) requires only a brief answer.
- Describe ONE piece of evidence (a study or a fact about IQ) showing
that IQ scores are influenced by heredity.
- List TWO environmental factors that influence intelligence. Explain
how each one affects intelligence.
- Explain ONE piece of evidence showing that race differences in average
IQ scores are NOT due to genetic race differences.
- What does it mean to say an IQ test is culturally biased? Give an
example of a question that might be culturally biased and explain why
it might be biased against a particular group of test-takers.
- Why do some social scientists claim "sex is not a natural act"?
- ESSAY (a) Explain ONE theory of the origin of sexual orientation
(EXCEPT first encounter theory). (b) Describe studies and/or facts relevant
to judging the validity of the theory-- supporting evidence (if any)
and refuting evidence (if any). (c) How well does the theory seem to
be supported overall? NOTE: (a) and (b) will require fairly lengthy
answers, whereas (c) will require only a brief answer.
- Describe ONE belief that makes smart people "dumb" (from
the article). Why do some people hold that belief? How does it make
them "dumb"?
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