: Portions of this syllabus, some reading assignments, and the feedback I will provide on your papers make use of the portable document format (PDF). PDF files generally print better than HTML files, and they offer you the opportunity to print selected pages. PDF is also the dominant file type used for delivering facsimiles of paper documents, like court opinions and legislative reports, over the Internet. To read PDF files on your personal computer you need the Adobe Acrobat Reader, which you can download without charge from the publisher's web site. This software is already loaded on most college-owned computers. The printer-friendly PDF version of this syllabus is available by clicking on the PDF icon above.

Feedback: Whether or not you are asked to complete a standardized course evaluation, I am interested in your comments and suggestions for improvement of the course, the readings, the assignments and this course description. Feel free to send comments as you think of them. E-mail: callin@cornellcollege.edu.

Books: The following are available for purchase in the bookstore. You'll need all three immediately.

• Core Text: Thomas E. Patterson, We the People: A Concise Introduction to American Politics, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill, 2000)
• Readings: Robert E. DiClerico & Allan S. Hammock, Points of View: Readings in American Government and Politics, 8th edition (McGraw-Hill, 2000)
• Simulations: Gump & Woodworth: Atlantis (Nelson-Hall, 1987).

Internet Resources: The Home Page for the Politics Department is at http://www.cornellcollege.edu/politics. It contains a wealth of valuable information including programs and requirements of the Department of Politics; information about Politics Courses including course syllabi like this one; information about graduate schools and careers, and research links for politics, government, and law. You can read hundreds of newspapers including the New York Times and the Washington Post. There are also free Internet News Services that can be very helpful if you have your own computer connected either to the Cornell Network or to an Internet Service Provider. I recommend in particular Excite's News Tracker: http://nt.excite.com . You can customize a news search for your research topic.

Synopsis: This course offers a survey of the theory and practice of contemporary government and politics in the United States. It may be taken profitably as a first course in political science or following Politics 111. It is a prerequisite for most advanced courses in American Politics including: Campaigns & Elections; Congress & the Presidency; Environmental Politics; Urban Politics; Race, Sex & the Constitution; and Constitutional Law.

This course emphasizes the practical consequences of established institutions and procedures for policy outcomes. Who wins, and who loses? To whom is the American government responsive? Its objective is to provide each student with a sophisticated understanding of why the system produces the kinds of policies that it does.

A variety of materials will be used to achieve this general objective.

• Our core text emphasizes the political culture, fragmentation of authority, competing interests, individual rights, and separation of economic and political spheres that characterize American government. It also contains some readings.
• Our reader is based on the debate model, pairing essays representing different points of view on important issues of American politics today.
• American mass media provide a third important source of information for this course. Each student should make daily contact with the world of American politics. Most Americans get most of their political information from television, but this is the least efficient way to get the news. Reading remains the most efficient way to learn. Reading on line combines your most sophisticated data processing capacity with the world's most sophisticated communications technology. Why not use the best tools available?

Each of these information sources should provide a foundation for discussion and debate. Reading materials will be supplemented by a series of simulations and occasional videos. Taken together, these materials will provide a variety of ways to learn as well as competing viewpoints regarding what should be learned in an introductory American politics course.

See Course Calendar & Assignments for daily topics.

• READING AND CLASS PARTICIPATION: Class attendance is important. I appreciate your letting me know when you will not be there. You should complete all reading assignments prior to the class period for which they are listed in the syllabus. In addition, you should follow news relevant to the course in the daily media. You should come to class each day prepared to share information and insights and raise questions based upon your formal and informal reading assignments. You can expect to get out of most classes about what you put into them. To give you an incentive to contribute to this one, a portion of the course grade will be determined by my assessment of your preparation and contribution to the course.
• EXAMINATIONS & QUIZZES: There will be no final examination. There will be four quizzes designed to test your mastery of the assigned reading. Consult the Course Calendar & Assignments for quiz dates.
• POLICY PAPER: The research and writing component of Politics 262 is a policy paper described in excruciating detail under the heading Public Policy Paper Assignment below.
• ROLE-PLAYING SIMULATIONS: Simulations provide an opportunity for participants to learn about politics by participating in political decision-making without screwing up the real world. This course includes five role-playing simulations in a variety of political settings. Consult the Course Calendar & Assignments for simulation dates.
  
  

  GRADING SYNOPSIS
  Classroom Contribution	10%
  Four Quizzes	40%
  Policy Paper	30%
  Policy Paper Rewrite	10%
  Six Role-playing Simulations	10%
  Total	100%
  Extra Credit [see below]	2.5%

  
  

  Extra Credit Opportunity: Of course, this is a class devoted to politics, but it is also a class devoted to critical reading, cogent writing, and analytical thinking--invaluable skills for living and for working in every field of endeavor. One way to improve your writing as you read is to become more conscious of the writing of others. With that in mind, I will provide you the opportunity to earn extra credit in my continuing contest: "In Search of Bad Writing."

PUBLIC POLICY PAPER ASSIGNMENT

"He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that."
--John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859)

OBJECTIVES: This assignment has three major objectives. The first is to increase your familiarity with an issue of public policy importance and the arguments that surround that issue. The second is to increase your familiarity with relevant sources of information like professional journals and government documents. The third is to help you improve an important intellectual skill: writing a clear and convincing argument supported by reliable evidence. This is a complex and difficult assignment, and I would like each of you to do it well. To that end, I have broken the assignment down into pieces and provided explicit instructions about how you can maximize your success. Please read all the information that follows and do your best to master this task one step at a time. I have tried to answer the most obvious questions here in writing, but obviously I have not answered all the possible questions. Please feel free to ask me for help along the way.

ASSIGNMENT: Your job is to write a public policy paper of 1,500 to 2,500 words exclusive of title page, abstract, illustrations, notes, bibliography, appendices, etc. Your paper must deal with a matter of public policy within the Constitutional power of American NATIONAL government, one of its agencies, or subdivisions. If in doubt, ask me.

PUBLIC POLICY & POLICY PAPERS: A "policy" is a clear course of action. (E.g., it is the policy of Cornell College to issue grades once a month.) A "public policy" is a policy adopted by a government. (E.g., it is the policy of the United States to intervene militarily wherever America's national interests are threatened.) A "public policy paper" is a written document that recommends a public policy and argues for the adoption of that policy. Your public policy paper will be developed through four stages. Consult the Course Calendar & Assignments for deadlines associated with this project.

• Stage I -- TOPIC DEVELOPMENT: You must submit an e-mail attachment describing your research topic and providing a working bibliography for that topic. Selecting a topic requires only that you identify an area appropriate for inquiry and susceptible to a public policy recommendation. Check here if you have a complete failure of imagination. Your working bibliography should be sufficient to demonstrate that you have located and have access to the information that will be necessary to research your topic. In most cases your bibliography should include some mix of scholarly books, articles in scholarly journals, and primary sources such as government documents. Get off to a good start by choosing one of the approved style sheets and using it for your bibliography.

• Stage II -- THESIS DEVELOPMENT: You must submit an e-mail attachment stating your policy recommendation and setting forth an outline of the contentions you intend to make for it. Please note that articulating a good thesis will require you to have already completed much of the research on your chosen topic. The policy recommendation is the paper's thesis. The outline of contentions previews your paper's anticipated structure. Selecting a topic requires only that you identify an area appropriate for inquiry and susceptible to a policy recommendation. Stating a policy recommendation takes you an important step further: you must determine, with some considerable degree of specificity, what policy ought to be adopted with respect to your topic. For example, "affirmative action" is a topic. "Congress should repeal all minority preferences in federal procurement law" is a thesis. Your thesis must state a policy within the legal power of some officer, agency or institution of the United States federal government.

  This is the point at which trouble most often arises, so before you submit your policy recommendation and contentions, examine them carefully using the criteria set forth in Getting from Topic & Bibliography to Recommendation & Contentions. Before you organize your contentions into an outline, consult A Good Argument Is a Hierarchy of Contentions.

• Stage III -- POLICY PAPER: Your recommendation and supporting arguments will be presented in a formal paper with appropriate manuscript format, proper citations, etc. Remember, you are being asked to take a position and make a case for it. Papers that take a position and argue a case are very common at all levels in law, business, journalism, and government. They may be called briefs (law), decision memoranda (business), editorials (journalism), or policy papers (government). Whatever they are called, good ones have certain characteristics. They are:

Convincing: They state a conclusion and back that conclusion with reasoned argument. The purpose is to convince the reader, and the better the argument, the higher the probability of success.

Well Researched: They are firmly rooted in careful research. You must have a command of the relevant facts. You must understand your own position and the positions of those with whom you disagree.

Concise: They are not always short, but they must be concise. That means no padding and no B.S. Papers such as these are meant for the eyes of very busy decision makers: the judge, the corporate executive, and the high government official. If you want to convince such a person, you must not waste her time.

Hierarchically Organized: They organize the arguments to be made into the strongest possible hierarchy of contentions. Refer again to A Good Argument Is a Hierarchy of Contentions. For a sample of a real policy paper written by a real Cornell student that earned a grade of A, please click here.

IMPORTANT DETAILS