Masterpieces of Greek and Roman Theater

Comedy: Greece and Rome to Hollywood

Comic mask, Roman mosaic, Indianapolis Museum of Art

Instructors: Dr. John Gruber-Miller, College Hall 312, Ext. x4326; email: jgruber-miller@cornellcollege.edu

Laura Farmer, Writing Studio Director, 124 Cole Library; phone: x4509; email: lfarmer@cornellcollege.edu

Jennifer Rouse, Arts and Humanities Consulting Librarian, 307 Cole Library; phone: x4466; email: jrouse@cornellcollege.edu

Holly Martin Huffman, Academic Media Consultant, 212A Cole Library, phone x4125; email: HMartinHuffman@cornellcollege.edu

Class Hours: M-F 9:00-11:15; 1:00-3:00 some afternoons (see daily schedule)

Office Hours: M W F 11:15 a.m.-12 noon, and by appointment

Required Texts:

• Peter Meineck, trans. Aristophanes: Clouds, Wasps, and Birds. Hackett 1998.
• Norma Miller, trans. Menander. Plays and Fragments. Viking-Penguin 1988.
• Amy Richlin, trans. Rome and the Mysterious Orient: Three Plays by Plautus. California 2005.
• Deena Berg and Douglass Parker, trans. Plautus and Terence. Five Comedies. Hackett 1999.

Goals of the Course

• to read with sensitivity a representative sample of Greek and Roman comedies by the four greatest ancient comic playwrights;
• to understand how the culture of 5th and 4th century Greece and of early second century Rome affects our understanding of these plays;
• to explore the performance dimension of ancient drama;
• to explore major theoretical perspectives on comedy, both ancient and modern;
• to come to a better appreciation of our own comic tradition through comparison of ancient plays with modern films;
• to improve both your verbal and written communication skills;
• to develop the ability to gather, use, and evaluate materials both from the library and the World Wide Web;
• to create and publish a project on the WWW.

Course Format

Discussion, oral and written reports, in-class writing, small group collaboration, workshop, conference. Throughout the course, you will learn to share and express ideas clearly and effectively, to collaborate, to critique others' ideas, and to give and receive criticism about one's own ideas and writing.

Requirements

Class preparation and attendance: For you to get the most out of the course, it is crucial that you come to every class session well prepared. Being well-prepared means not only having read the material, but also having spent time reflecting on it. It also means being ready to participate in class discussion by asking questions, offering opinions, making observations, and trying out arguments.

As you prepare for class, it is a good idea to write marginal notes in your text to remind you of good jokes, ironic comments, historical background, recurring themes, and questions you have about the text. It is also very helpful to get together with others in the class and read the plays aloud to try to capture the humor, understand the action, get into the different characters, etc.

Class discussion: I hope to foster an atmosphere in which students are free to speak their minds. We all (myself included) bring different backgrounds, preparation, theoretical perspectives, and values to this course. We all will learn from many sources: our common readings, each other, our discussions, and our research. It is, therefore, crucial to the success of the course that everyone show respect and courtesy to everyone else in the class, and a willingness to help each other learn and approach this material from new perspectives.

Comedy Terms Jeopardy: The project is to write (in two paragraphs) a definition of your term in your own words using multiple sources (paragraph 1).  Then give at least one example from Aristophanes, Chaplin, or Roman comedy (paragraph 2).  Using the library course guide that Jen showed us yesterday, please consult at least three different sources for a definition and cite the sources that you consulted.  Email these definitions to me by the first Thursday at 9:00 a.m. Then after you have had a chance to study everyone's entries, we'll play Jeopardy the following Monday.

Oral report: Once during the course, you will give an oral report illustrating a particular theoretical approach to comedy. You may present individually or with a partner. All reports should be accompanied by a handout to be given to the rest of the class, outlining the author's argument and presenting examples from the comedies we have read or seen. It will help you to be more focused when you give your report, and it will provide an outline for others to take notes on as they listen.

Perform a scene: Once during the course, you will collaborate to perform a scene or two from one of our plays. By looking closely at the scene(s) to be performed and reading it carefully to determine what internal cues are available to determine stage directions, you and your collaborators will discover how the scene should be played out. After the performance, each member of the group must be prepared to explain his/her decisions both orally to the class.

Three Papers/Projects: Of the three papers/projects, at least one will involve a comparison of some aspect of an ancient and modern comedy; at least one will utilize a theoretical perspective to come to a better appreciation of one of the texts/films. For one of the three papers, you may do a right-brain, creative project (i.e. designing costumes for a play, rewriting a scene or two in modern idiom, writing the ending to one of Menander's fragmentary plays, presenting production notes for a modern production of one of the plays, discussing how a filmed version of a scene or two would be different from a theatrical production). Papers/projects are due each Friday of the block at 5 p.m. I have suggested some possible paper and project topics for your benefit, but feel free to develop your own.

Aspects of Comedy Project: In order to understand one aspect of comedy more thoroughly, both in theater and in film, groups of students will explore one topic in more depth and present the results to the class on the WWW. Each group will analyze three ancient authors and three films during the course. To spread out the work, each Monday by 9 p.m., your group will upload your analysis and discussion of one ancient author and one film. The topics may include:

• Plot and Structure: What are the formal elements of Old Comedy and how are they transformed into New Comedy? More broadly, how is a comedy structured? What basic patterns can be seen among different types of comedy? Is there such a thing as a comic plot?
• Character: What types of characters populate comedies? What type of character tends to be the comic hero? the blocking figure? To what extent are characters flat/stereotypical or rounded? What difference does it make whether characters are stock characters or not
• Music: How do music and songs figure in comedy? How does music add to the humor, the structure, characterization, etc.? Do music and song develop over the course of the plays and films that we watch or are they different for different types of comedies?
• Humor: What is the source of humor in our comedies? verbal or visual? To what extent is the humor aggressive or cynical or smutty, or the result of incongruity, misunderstanding, or some other type? What role does parody play?
• Ethnicity: how does comedy poke fun at distinctions of ethnicity? What groups are the butt of jokes? How does ethnicity matter in defining the comic hero and various antagonists? Does comedy poke fun at all groups equally? Is comedy essentially subversive or conservative in upholding social attitudes toward different ethnicities?
• Gender: What roles do men and women have in comedy? What is the relationship between the sexes? Who are comic heroes, primarily men or women? What happens when those roles are subverted?
• Actor and Spectator: What is the relationship of actor and spectator in comedy? How does the actor develop a relationship with the audience through such techniques as monologues, asides, eavesdropping, role-playing, improvisation, etc.? How does allusion to other genres or specific works affect the way the audience responds to a scene or a play or a film?

The project is both descriptive and critical. By descriptive, I mean that you attempt to create a kind of database of all the relevant terms and categories of information with examples from each of the ancient authors and films that you are working with. By critical, I mean that you will attempt to look for patterns among the ancient works and the films as well as explain differences from author to author and film to film. In other words, why does Aristophanes use obscenity much more than Menander or why does Plautus decide not to put the romantic couple in the limelight as Menander does? This second part is harder at first, but hopefully will become easier as the term progresses and you develop a broader understanding of comedy.

Weekly Critique of another group's website: In order to see what other groups are working on and to help each other improve their projects, each week I will ask each group to comment on another group's website. Here's how:

First, open up the course project webpage and find the webpage of the project that you will be commenting on. The first time, each group will critique the group that follows them on the left navbar. The second time, each group will critique the group that immediately precedes their group.

Second, open the document website critique and write your comments about the website you are viewing as answers to the questions there.

Third, when you have finished writing your comments, save the website critique with a new name. Then compose an email that you will send to yourselves, the members of the group you are commenting on, and me. Insert the website critique as an attachment and email it to everyone. Please be sure to sign the names of those who contributed to the critique.

When you are done, go ahead and look at others' websites and/or read the comments other groups made about your pages.  Comments are due by 5 p.m. Wednesday each week.

Grading

Three major components will determine your grade:

• class attendance, active and sensitive participation in class discussion, oral report, and performance of a scene 25%
• 3 papers or 2 papers/1 project (5-7 pages, double-spaced) 45%
• Aspects of comedy web project 30%

Policies

Attendance: Since our class format is based primarily on discussion and workshops, it is essential that you come to class every day, prepared and ready to participate actively. Any unexcused absence after one missed class period will harm your final grade. If you must miss class, please inform me ahead of time if at all possible. If you have a fever and other symptoms of the flu (seasonal and H1N1), please do not come to class until you have been fever-free for 24 hours.

Drafts of Papers: Learning how to revise papers is an important element of becoming a successful writer, and conferences are an important element in honing your writing skills. The failure to submit a full-length draft when due will automatically result in a grade of C or below for that particular paper.

Deadlines: no late work will be accepted. If an emergency or illness occurs, please let me know immediately so that other plans can be arranged.

Academic Integrity: According to the Cornell College Student Handbook, plagiarism is "is the act of taking the work of another and presenting it as one's own, without acknowledgement of the original source." In other words, using others' ideas, words, even sentence structure, without crediting them is a serious academic offense. Plagiarism also includes writing a paper for another person, borrowing or buying an essay and submitting it as your own, or paraphrasing an article but forgetting to document it. Click here for Cornell's policy on Academic Honesty.

Accomodations for different learning styles: Cornell College is committed to providing equal educational opportunities to all students.  If you have a documented learning disability and will need any accommodation in this course, you must request the accommodation(s) from me as early as possible and no later than the third day of the term. Additional information about the policies and procedures for accommodation of learning disabilities is available on the Cornell web site at http://www.cornellcollege.edu/academic_affairs/disabilities/.