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Electronic
Geometry, Molecular Shape, and Hybridization
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Page
1
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printable
PDF file
The
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Model (VSEPR Model)
The
guiding principle: Bonded atoms and unshared pairs of electrons about
a central atom are as far from one another as possible.
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Bonded
atoms
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Nonbonded
Pairs
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Total
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Electronic
Geometry
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Molecular
Shape
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Bond
Angle
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Hybridization
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————————————————————————————————
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2
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0
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2
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linear
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linear
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180°
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sp
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Examples:
CO2, HCN
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——————————————————
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3
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0
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3
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trigonal
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trigonal
planar
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120°
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sp2
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Examples:
SO3, CH2O
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2
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1
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3
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trigonal
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bent
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120°
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sp2
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Examples:
SO2, O3
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——————————————————
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4
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0
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4
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tetrahedral
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tetrahedral
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109.5°
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sp3
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Examples:
CH4, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2,
CHCl3, CCl4, NH4+
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3
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1
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4
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tetrahedral
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pyramidal
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109.5°
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sp3
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Examples:
NH3, H3O+
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2
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2
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4
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tetrahedral
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bent
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109.5°
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sp3
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Examples:
H2O, SCl2
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